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The main impact of the May 1998 nuclear tests of India and Pakistan was not on the nuclear non-proliferation regime, Peimani asserts, but on the structure of the international system. The tests could not encourage massive nuclear proliferation as many "natural" factors prevent such a scenario, but they surely contributed to the weakening of the mainly American-dominated international system. The failure of nuclear India and Pakistan to achieve their objectives has increased their dissatisfaction with a system which they see as discriminating against them on the grounds of their insignificant nuclear arsenals and their severe underdevelopment. Given their limited resources, their attempts to deal with these problems in the near future and, in particular to develop credible arsenals, would be self-exhausting and not feasible. Their failure has turned them into dissatisfied regional powers who are being pushed toward forming alliances with their long-time friends, Russia and China, respectively. Each has strong reasons for dissatisfaction with the American system, which is marginalizing them. Their concerns about common enemies and threats as well as their economic and political needs are pushing these states toward the formation of tacit or official alliances. Decades of friendship and extensive ties make them "natural" allies and encourage the formation of an alliance between India and Russia on the one side, and China and Pakistan on the other. By creating strong regional poles, these predictably hostile alliances will contribute to the weakening of the international system and the consolidation of a rising multipolarity. Scholars, students, and researchers involved with foreign policy, American-Indian and American-Pakistani relations, and international military-political relations will find this analysis of particular interest..
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This digital document is an article from International Journal on World Peace, published by Professors World Peace Academy on June 1, 2000. The length of the article is 1297 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: REGIONAL SECURITY AND THE FUTURE OF CENTRAL ASIA: THE COMPETITION OF IRAN, TURKEY, AND RUSSIA.(Review) (book review)
Author: Tinatin Bochorishvili
Publication:International Journal on World Peace (Refereed)
Date: June 1, 2000
Publisher: Professors World Peace Academy
Volume: 17 Issue: 2 Page: 88

Article Type: Book Review

Distributed by Thomson Gale.
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Peimani challenges the practical indifference of many Western and non-Western countries with interests in Central Asia and the Caucasus to their plight. Independence in 1991 suddenly worsened all the economic and social problems of the countries of the Caucasus (Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia) and Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan). Their failure to address their numerous economic problems and to develop their economies has created a suitable ground for the rise of social and political popular dissent, including ethnic conflicts, in all these multi-ethnic countries. Concerned about the stability of their political systems, their ruling elites have all opted for authoritarianism. The prevailing intolerance of dissent and the suppression of opposition, political parties have paved the way for the emergence of anti-government extremist ideologies and political groups. The domestic situation has become ripe for the rise of violent political activities and ethnic conflicts, with a great possibility for their escalation to civil wars. The ethnic structure of both the Caucasus and Central Asia makes their development into inter-state wars a strong possibility. The unsettled ethnic and territorial conflicts within and between countries, which turned into wars in the early 1990s, could easily re-emerge. There is a potential for the further escalation of military conflicts in those regions because of the intentional or unintentional intervention of Iran, China, Turkey, Russia, and the United States, which have long-term interests in the two regions. Given the geographical characteristics of the Caucasus and Central Asia as a link between Asia and Europe, war and instability in those regions could destabilize the two continents hosting six declared nuclear powers. Of particular interest to scholars and other researchers involved with Eurasian, Central Asian, and Caucasian countries..
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This is the only book since the fall of the Soviet Union to analyze the security of the newly emerged independent states in the strategically vital region of Central Asia and the Caucasus From one perspective, Central Asia and the Caucasus are a powder keg. The struggling, unstable nations that once made up the Soviet Union are either already embroiled in conflict or sliding rapidly toward it. The region is oil-rich, dotted with U.S. military bases, and the countries are potentially important trading partners and allies for the United States. How will the future turn out?This insightful work maps out the possibilities and dangers that lie ahead for the nations of Central Asia and the Caucasus. The book analyzes the current security situation and clarifies its historical context, identifying the factors that have shaped the security of these young nations since their independence. It also examines the parameters - political, economic, ethnic, energy, and military - that will decide the security of the region in the future.The book's author, a senior independent consultant to the United Nations, tells the whole story behind the headlines when he discusses, for example, the real reason for the "wine war" of 2006, when Russia banned imports of Georgian wine for "health reasons," or when explaining the impact of the expanding American presence - both political and military - after September 11. "Conflict and Security in Central Asia and the Caucasus" is a primer for those who want to know more about this strategic region and essential reading for all students of world affairs.It contains nearly 20 essays on vital topics such as the Islamic movement in Uzbekistan and NATO's Partnership for Peace program. It provides separate chronologies for Central Asia and the Caucasus. It features current maps of this turbulent, fast-changing region. It includes a four-part, comprehensive bibliography organized by region.It discusses the complicated issues that affect all the nations in the region, such as oil and superpower relations. It provides in-depth examinations of each nation, its historical conflicts with other groups or nations, and its relationship with both internal and transnational groups and peoples. It includes profiles of clout-wielding organizations in the region and their involvement in regional conflicts. It provides historical portraits of the peoples of the region, focusing on their history of conflict with each other and with national governments..
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