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This econometric study covers the world outlook for nutritional tonics and alteratives across more than 200 countries For each year reported, estimates are given for the latent demand, or potential industry earnings (P.I.E.), for the country in question (in millions of U.S. dollars), the percent share the country is of the region and of the globe. These comparative benchmarks allow the reader to quickly gauge a country vis-à-vis others. Using econometric models which project fundamental economic dynamics within each country and across countries, latent demand estimates are created. This report does not discuss the specific players in the market serving the latent demand, nor specific details at the product level. The study also does not consider short-term cyclicalities that might affect realized sales. The study, therefore, is strategic in nature, taking an aggregate and long-run view, irrespective of the players or products involved. This study does not report actual sales data (which are simply unavailable, in a comparable or consistent manner in virtually all of the 230 countries of the world). This study gives, however, my estimates for the worldwide latent demand, or the P.I.E., for nutritional tonics and alteratives. It also shows how the P.I.E. is divided across the world's regional and national markets. For each country, I also show my estimates of how the P.I.E. grows over time (positive or negative growth). In order to make these estimates, a multi-stage methodology was employed that is often taught in courses on international strategic planning at graduate schools of business..
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This digital document is a journal article from Desalination, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
Due to a severe water shortage and increasing salinity of natural sources, Israel is currently undergoing an intensive program of both large seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination plant construction and desalination of a number of wells shut down due to an increase of water salinity. There are some such wells in the vicinity of the planned large seawater desalination plants. Therefore, a proposed alternative of desalination of these sources is to use them to blend SWRO product whose salinity content has been reduced to a very low level by a second desalination pass. The foreseen specification of the desalted water regarding the upper limit of chloride and boron content in the coming international bids of large SWRO plants will probably be 70 mg/L chloride and 0.3 mg/L boron. Since a partial second pass for the SWRO is needed to achieve this specification, increasing the second pass to treat the entire or almost all the capacity of the first pass permeate can achieve product suitable for blending with some brackish source water. However, this option has to be competitive with direct desalination of the brackish water source. The comparative economics of these two alternatives is obviously dependent on the additional cost of reducing the SWRO permeate salinity vs. the cost of desalting the equivalent capacity of brackish water that could be blended with the permeate. The aim of this work was to analyze the comparative economics of these two alternatives for various types of brackish water sources. .
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WHAT IS LATENT DEMAND AND THE P.I.E.?

The concept of latent demand is rather subtle. The term latent typically refers to something that is dormant, not observable, or not yet realized Demand is the notion of an economic quantity that a target population or market requires under different assumptions of price, quality, and distribution, among other factors. Latent demand, therefore, is commonly defined by economists as the industry earnings of a market when that market becomes accessible and attractive to serve by competing firms. It is a measure, therefore, of potential industry earnings (P.I.E.) or total revenues (not profit) if a market is served in an efficient manner. It is typically expressed as the total revenues potentially extracted by firms. The “market” is defined at a given level in the value chain. There can be latent demand at the retail level, at the wholesale level, the manufacturing level, and the raw materials level (the P.I.E. of higher levels of the value chain being always smaller than the P.I.E. of levels at lower levels of the same value chain, assuming all levels maintain minimum profitability).

The latent demand for nutritional tonics and alteratives is not actual or historic sales. Nor is latent demand future sales. In fact, latent demand can be lower either lower or higher than actual sales if a market is inefficient (i.e., not representative of relatively competitive levels). Inefficiencies arise from a number of factors, including the lack of international openness, cultural barriers to consumption, regulations, and cartel-like behavior on the part of firms. In general, however, latent demand is typically larger than actual sales in a country market.

For reasons discussed later, this report does not consider the notion of “unit quantities”, only total latent revenues (i.e., a calculation of price times quantity is never made, though one is implied). The units used in this report are U.S. d.
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This digital document is an article from Wind Speaker, published by Aboriginal Multi-Media Society of Alberta (AMMSA) on October 1, 1996. The length of the article is 911 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: We're the alterative (to street gangs).
Author: Debora Lockyer
Publication:Wind Speaker (Newsletter)
Date: October 1, 1996
Publisher: Aboriginal Multi-Media Society of Alberta (AMMSA)
Volume: 14 Issue: 6 Page: 6

Distributed by Thomson Gale.
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This study covers the world outlook for nutritional tonics and alteratives across more than 200 countries For each year reported, estimates are given for the latent demand, or potential industry earnings (P.I.E.), for the country in question (in millions of U.S. dollars), the percent share the country is of the region and of the globe. These comparative benchmarks allow the reader to quickly gauge a country vis-à-vis others. Using econometric models which project fundamental economic dynamics within each country and across countries, latent demand estimates are created. This report does not discuss the specific players in the market serving the latent demand, nor specific details at the product level. The study also does not consider short-term cyclicalities that might affect realized sales. The study, therefore, is strategic in nature, taking an aggregate and long-run view, irrespective of the players or products involved..
Price: $795.00 [Notify me when price goes down.]