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Membranes composed of amphiphilic molecules are highly flexible surfaces that determine the architecture of biological systems and provide a basic structural element for complex fluids such as microemulsions. Recently, a variety of new experimental methods such as X-ray scattering, neutron scattering, and atomic force microscopy have been used in order to study the molecular structure of these membranes. Their conformational behavior, on the other hand, is studied by optical and electron microscopy, which reveals that membranes in aqueous solution exhibit an amazing variety of different shapes. Several theoretical concepts are described such as bending elasticity, curvature, and minimal surfaces in order to understand this polymorphism. These concepts are also useful to describe the behavior of membranes in complex fluids where they can build up hexagonal, lamellar, triply-periodic, cubic, and sponge phases. The contributions to this volume provide an up-to-date overview and describe the state-of-the-art of this rapidly evolving field of research..
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This digital document is an article from Polymer Engineering and Science, published by Thomson Gale on April 1, 2007. The length of the article is 6150 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

From the author: The associative behavior of amphiphilic polysaccharides derived from dextran, a neutral bacterial polysaccharide, is studied in dilute and moderately concentrated aqueous solutions using viscosity measurements. It is shown that the viscosity of the aqueous solutions can be conveniently depicted over a wide concentration range by several semiempirical equations. The Martin equation as well as the Matsuoka-Cowman equation is shown to depict conveniently the experimental results. These two equations involve only viscometric parameters determined in the dilute range (intrinsic viscosity and Huggins constant). The modification of Lyons and Tobolsky is discussed. The Fedors equation is shown to be similar to the Heller equation over a large concentration domain. Their respective empirical parameters are correlated and can be calculated from the Huggins coefficient. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:481-488, 2007. [c] 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers

Citation Details
Title: Semiempirical equations for the viscosity of amphiphilic polymer solutions: a critical examination.
Author: A. Durand
Publication:Polymer Engineering and Science (Magazine/Journal)
Date: April 1, 2007
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 47 Issue: 4 Page: 481(8)

Distributed by Thomson Gale.
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This digital document is an article from Polymer Engineering and Science, published by Thomson Gale on September 1, 2006. The length of the article is 2748 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

From the author: PET and PMMA were blended at various weight fractions. These blends were compatibilized by employing amphiphilic block copolymers of PtBA-b-PMMA, having three compositions (1:3, 1:1, 3:1) and three weight fractions (3, 5, and 7 wt%) using a co-rotating twin screw extruder. The blends were evaluated for their mechanical, rheological, and morphological properties. Overall, the compatiblized blends showed improvement in properties compared with the properties of noncompatiblized blends. Mechanical properties of the compatibilized blends improved with an increase in the PMMA and compatibilizer weight fractions. It was observed that the compatibilizer with lower molecular weight and lower glass transition temperature, typically at 5 wt%, provided the overall best properties. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 46: 1147-1152, 2006. [c] 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers

Citation Details
Title: Amphiphilic block copolymers of PtBA-b-PMMA as compatibilizers for blends of PET and PMMA.(polyethylene terephthalate)(polymethyl methacrylate)
Author: B. Dewangan
Publication:Polymer Engineering and Science (Magazine/Journal)
Date: September 1, 2006
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 46 Issue: 9 Page: 1147(6)

Distributed by Thomson Gale.
Price: $9.95 [Notify me when price goes down.]

Block copolymers are fascinating materials that have attracted a lot of attention in recent years, as a consequence of their ability to serve as ideal building blocks to fabricate nanostructures. They are macro­molecules consisting of chemically different parts (blocks) that tend to self-assembly into well-ordered nanoscaled structures both in bulk and in a selective solvent for one of the block. In this thesis, amphiphilic block copolymers were successfully applied as templates for the controlled formation and defined positioning of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles arranged in periodic patterns on flat surfaces and in polymer nanofibre structures. Furthermore, a method was developed to arrange nanoparticles in desired nano-structured micropatterns on flat substrates using the combinations of "top_down" and "bottom-up" approaches: a self-assembled monolayer of hexagonally ordered block copolymer micelles loaded with gold precursor salt was used as a resist for lithography. Two diffrent energy sources were applied to selectively modify and pin the micelles to the substrate: UV light and s Focus Ion Beam..
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This digital document is a journal article from Journal of Hazardous Materials, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
Amphiphilic polyurethane (APU) nanoparticles were synthesized through crosslinking polymerization of nano-aggregates of urethane acrylate nonionomer (UAN). The efficiency of in situ extraction of sorbed phenanthrene from aquifer material was tested using soil columns and compared with that of surfactants such as Triton X-100, Brij 30, and Tween 80. The extraction efficiency of those washing materials strongly depended on their concentration, flow rate, and the degree of sorption within soil column. That is, the extraction efficiency increased with the decrease of flow rate and the degree of sorption and the increase of the concentration. Even though the surfactants are superior to APU nanoparticles at solubilizing phenanthrene, at the same flow rate (0.02mL/min) and concentration (4000mg/L), the effectiveness of in situ soil washing of APU nanoparticles was about two times higher than those of surfactants. This is because, at the lower flow rates, the degree of sorption of APU nanoparticles was lower than that of surfactants, owing to the chemically crosslinked nature of APU nanoparticles. .
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