Books about Arithmetical from Amazon.com

Imagine having some marbles, pebbles, or other objects that you want to lay out in a neat triangular pattern. How many do you need to end up with a complete triangle? Three will do; so will 6, 10, 15, and... These numbers are called triangular numbers. Ask the same question for a triangular pyramid. Four will do; so will 10, 20, 35, and... the so-called pyramidal numbers. This book looks at the discovery of the multiplicity of properties and uses triangular numbers and their many extensions possess.

Although often displayed in a triangular array named after the seventeenth-century French philosopher Blaise Pascal, triangular numbers were known many centuries earlier. In this book A.W.F. Edwards traces the Arithmetical Triangle back to its roots in Pythagorean arithmetic, Hindu combinatorics, and Arabic algebra, and gives an account of the progressive solution of combinatorial problems from the earliest recorded examples to the work of Renaissance and later mathematicians. He shows how Pascal's work -- so modern in style -- in establishing the properties of the numbers and their application in various fields led to Newton's discovery of the binomial theorem for fractional and negative indices and to Leibniz's discovery of calculus.

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This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 33rd International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science, MFCS 2008, held in Torun, Poland, in August 2008.

The 45 revised full papers presented together with 5 invited lectures were carefully reviewed and selected from 119 submissions. All current aspects in theoretical computer science and its mathematical foundations are addressed, ranging from algorithmic game theory, algorithms and data structures, artificial intelligence, automata and formal languages, bioinformatics, complexity, concurrency and petrinets, cryptography and security, logic and formal specifications, models of computations, parallel and distributed computing, semantics and verification.

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In this volume the author gives a unified presentation of some of the basic tools and concepts in number theory, commutative algebra, and algebraic geometry, and for the first time in a book at this level, brings out the deep analogies between them. The geometric viewpoint is stressed throughout the book. Extensive examples are given to illustrate each new concept, and many interesting exercises are given at the end of each chapter. Most of the important results in the one-dimensional case are proved, including Bombieri's proof of the Riemann Hypothesis for curves over a finite field. While the book is not intended to be an introduction to schemes, the author indicates how many of the geometric notions introduced in the book relate to schemes which will aid the reader who goes to the next level of this rich subject..
Price: $64.99 [Notify me when price goes down.]

The study of nonunique factorizations of elements into irreducible elements in commutative rings and monoids has emerged as an independent area of research only over the last 30 years and has enjoyed a recent flurry of activity and advancement. This book presents the proceedings of two recent meetings that gathered key researchers from around the world to review recent major results. The first seven chapters demonstrate the diversity of approaches taken in studying nonunique factorizations and serve both as an introduction to factorization theory and as a survey of current trends and results. The remaining chapters reflect research motivated by arithmetical properties of commutative rings and monoids..
Price: $175.45 [Notify me when price goes down.]

This is an introduction to diophantine geometry at the advanced graduate level. The book contains a proof of the Mordell conjecture which will make it quite attractive to graduate students and professional mathematicians. In each part of the book, the reader will find numerous exercises..
Price: $44.47 [Notify me when price goes down.]

This is the softcover reprint of the English translation of 1972 (available from Springer since 1989) of the first 7 chapters of Bourbaki's 'Algèbre commutative'. It provides a very complete treatment of commutative algebra, enabling the reader to go further and study algebraic or arithmetic geometry. The first 3 chapters treat in succession the concepts of flatness, localization and completions (in the general setting of graduations and filtrations). Chapter 4 studies associated prime ideals and the primary decomposition. Chapter 5 deals with integers, integral closures and finitely generated algebras over a field (including the Nullstellensatz). Chapter 6 studies valuation (of any rank), and the last chapter focuses on divisors (Krull, Dedekind, or factorial domains) with a final section on modules over integrally closed Noetherian domains, not usually found in textbooks. Useful exercises appear at the ends of the chapters..
Price: $63.68 [Notify me when price goes down.]

In this volume the author further develops his philosophy of quantum interpolation between the real numbers and the p-adic numbers The p-adic numbers contain the p-adic integers Z_p which are the inverse limit of the finite rings Z/pⁿ. This gives rise to a tree, and probability measures w on Z_p correspond to Markov chains on this tree. From the tree structure one obtains special basis for the Hilbert space L₂(Z_p,w). The real analogue of the p-adic integers is the interval [-1,1], and a probability measure w on it gives rise to a special basis for L₂([-1,1],w) - the orthogonal polynomials, and to a Markov chain on "finite approximations" of [-1,1]. For special (gamma and beta) measures there is a "quantum" or "q-analogue" Markov chain, and a special basis, that within certain limits yield the real and the p-adic theories. This idea can be generalized variously. In representation theory, it is the quantum general linear group GL_n(q)that interpolates between the p-adic group GL_n(Z_p), and between its real (and complex) analogue -the orthogonal O_n (and unitary U_n )groups. There is a similar quantum interpolation between the real and p-adic Fourier transform and between the real and p-adic (local unramified part of) Tate thesis, and Weil explicit sums.

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Price: $42.50 [Notify me when price goes down.]

Standards in numeracy are a constant concern to educational policy-makers. However, why are differences in arithmetical performance so marked? In Individual Differences in Arithmetic, Ann Dowker seeks to provide a better understanding of why these differences in ability exist, encouraging a more informed approach to tackling numeracy difficulties.

This book reviews existing research by the author and by others on the subject of arithmetical ability and presents strong evidence to support a componential view of arithmetic. Focusing primarily on children, but including discussion of arithmetical cognition in healthy adult and neuropsychological patients, each of the central components of arithmetic are covered. Within this volume, findings from developmental, educational, cognitive and neuropsychological studies are integrated in a unique approach. This book covers subjects such as:

· Counting and the importance of individual differences
· Arithmetic facts, procedures and different forms of memory
· Causes of, and interventions with, mathematical difficulties
· The effects of culture, language and experience

The educational implications of these findings are discussed in detail, revealing original insights that will be of great interest to those studying or researching in the areas of education, neuroscience and developmental and cognitive psychology..
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