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Kennedy chronicles the process of Petrarch's canonization from the interpretive commentaries found in rare fifteenth- and sixteenth-century editions of Rime sparse through the imitative poetry of early modern writers in Italy, France, and England. The commentaries--each employing a different Petrarch to promote a different ideological paradigm--take a wide range of approaches to important contemporaneous issues relating to politics, class, religion, love, and gender relationships..
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This digital document is an article from Renaissance Quarterly, published by Renaissance Society of America on June 22, 1999. The length of the article is 693 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Authorizing Petrarch.(Review)
Author: Deborah Parker
Publication:Renaissance Quarterly (Refereed)
Date: June 22, 1999
Publisher: Renaissance Society of America
Volume: 52 Issue: 2 Page: 500(2)

Article Type: Book Review

Distributed by Thomson Gale.
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This unique collaboration between a literary critic (Peter J. Rabinowitz) and a high school English teacher (Michael W. Smith) provides readers with a rich discussion of a central paradox faced by literature teachers: Can teachers claim to have taught well if their students have not learned to recognize (and respect) the ways authors expect them to read? But at the same time, shouldn't students be taught the critical skills of resisting both what authors expect and what teachers see as the right reading? Though each of the authors has a some-what different view, they show that "authorial reading" is not only compatible with but essential to progressive teaching and truly engaged readers..
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The emphasis on practical experience over ideology is viewed by many historians as a profoundly American characteristic, one that provides a model for exploring the colonial challenge to European belief systems and the creation of a unique culture. Here Jim Egan offers an unprecedented look at how early modern American writers helped make this notion of experience so powerful that we now take it as a given rather than as the product of hard-fought rhetorical battles waged over ways of imagining one's relationship to a larger social community. In order to show how our modern notion of experience emerges from a historical change that experience itself could not have brought about, he turns to works by seventeenth-century writers in New England and reveals the ways in which they authorized experience, ultimately producing a rhetoric distinctive to the colonies and supportive of colonialism.

Writers such as John Smith, William Wood, John Winthrop, Anne Bradstreet, Benjamin Tompson, and William Hubbard were sensitive to the challenge experiential authority posed to established social hierarchies. Egan argues that they used experience to authorize a supplementary status system that would at once enhance England's economic, political, and spiritual status and provide a new basis for regulating English and native populations. These writers were assuaging fears over how exposure to alien environments threatened actual English bodies and also the imaginary body that authorized English monarchy and allowed English subjects to think of themselves as a nation. By reimagining the English nation, these supporters of English colonialism helped create a modern way of imagining national identity and individual subject formation.

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This book explains the fundamentals of digital rights management systems including identifying, tracking, authorizing and restricting access to digital media. You will learn how DRM systems help to protect and enforce copyrights, patents, trademarks, and other forms of intellectual property. Digital assets can take various forms including audio, data and digital video. You will discover how it is possible to provide simple access to authorized users (paying customers) and how to restrict access to unauthorized users. Digital media content must be uniquely identified. The common identification codes that may be assigned to digital media include ISBN (books), ISSN (magazines), DOI (multimedia) and watermarks. You will learn that DRM systems may include a DRM controller, digital asset manager and DRM packager that allow DRM systems to receive requests for digital assets, to find and retrieve the assets and to packages (encode) to protect the assets during delivery and use. Digital assets can be monitored and tracked using a variety of information including their distribution addresses (IP address) and through unique identifying characteristics of the digital media such as the use of digital watermarks. Protocols and standards can be used to define rights elements of digital media and services. Some of the DRM languages covered in this book include XrML, SDMI, XCML, ORDL, RDF, REL and others. You will discover how authentication works without the need to transfer secret keys through communication systems. The basic encryption processes are described along with introduction on some of the ways to use and implement encryption. The common DRM threats including hacking and ripping methods are explained along with ways to reduce the risk of decoding and copying of digital media by unauthorized people. Some of the most important topics featured are: . Fundamentals of DRM Systems . Copyright, Patents, Trademarks and Intellectual Property . Audio, Data and Video Digital Assets . Media Identification Options . Digital Content Distribution . Managing, Tracking and Restricting Digital assets . Tracking and Digital Watermarks . Protocols and Standards . Authentication and Encryption . Common Hacking Methods.
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This digital document is a journal article from Social Science & Medicine, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
In Guatemala, midwives deliver the majority of children and play an important health care role in rural areas. Maya midwives, using time-proven methods, are the chief providers of care for mothers and infants in these areas. In recent decades, however, the medical establishment has become interested in Maya midwives, and is currently engaged in training and certifying many of them. This study examines how Guatemalan health authorities have sought to change Maya midwifery, refashioning its vocational framework and retooling it in accordance with Western medical principles. I focus on the place of obligatory formal training and the use of biomedical materials in the experience of Kaqchikel Maya midwives, and consider how the health officials employ these means to undermine the midwives' knowledge base. Encounters between midwives and formal health personnel reveal an ongoing privileging of biomedical knowledge, one that preserves asymmetrical relationships between these practitioners. This creates an environment favorable to health personnel, and helps them to extend their influence through the midwives into the community. Given this, I contend that health personnel value local Maya midwives primarily for their role in furthering the goals of biomedicine. .
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Approaches a particular proto-apocalyptic text, Isaiah 24-27, the so called "Isaiah Apocalypse", intertextually. This reading finds that the Isaiah Apocalypse redeploys and controls other texts, helping secure the authority of those texts as well as its own vision of the end. The first chapter surveys approaches to late Israelite prophecy and presents a new "intertextual" way of viewing this material. The chapters that follow investigate the "eternal covenant" and its role in intertextual space; Isaiah 25's construal of Israel's relationship to other nations; the central role of the "righteous" in Isaiah 26; and Isaiah 27, which points towards the victory of YHWH's order over chaos..
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The opponents of legal recognition for same-sex marriage frequently appeal to a "Judeo-Christian" tradition. But does it make any sense to speak of that tradition as a single teaching on marriage? Are there elements in Jewish and Christian traditions that actually authorize religious and civil recognition of same-sex couples? And are contemporary heterosexual marriages well supported by those traditions?

As evidenced by the ten provocative essays assembled and edited by Mark D. Jordan, the answers are not as simple as many would believe. The scholars of Judaism and Christianity gathered here explore the issue through a wide range of biblical, historical, liturgical, and theological evidence. From David's love for Jonathan through the singleness of Jesus and Paul to the all-male heaven of John's Apocalypse, the collection addresses pertinent passages in the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament with scholarly precision. It reconsiders whether there are biblical precedents for blessing same-sex unions in Jewish and Christian liturgies.

The book concludes by analyzing typical religious arguments against such unions and provides a comprehensive response to claims that the Judeo-Christian tradition prohibits same-sex unions from receiving religious recognition. The essays, most of which are in print here for the first time, are by Saul M. Olyan, Mary Ann Tolbert, Daniel Boyarin, Laurence Paul Hemming, Steven Greenberg, Kathryn Tanner, Susan Frank Parsons, Eugene F. Rogers, Jr., and Mark D. Jordan.

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