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This digital document is a journal article from Dendrochronologia, published by Elsevier in 2005. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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We combine 53 ring width and 31 maximum latewood density data sets from a network of high-elevation tree sites distributed across the European Alps (43-48^oN and 6-14^oE). This network is analyzed to understand the climate, and in particular, the temperature signal, in terms of geography, species and measured parameter. These analyses will be useful for any subsequent climatic reconstruction. The first Principal Component (PC) of the ring width chronologies explains 20% of the network's variance and correlates significantly with the June-August summer season temperatures, while that of the density chronologies explains 69% of the variance and correlates with the wider April-September season. Of the four species considered, ring width records from Picea abies, Larix decidua, and Pinus cembra tend to show most similar responses to climate, with the Abies alba having a more unique response. The climatic signal of the density chronologies is rather independent of species and site ecology. It is quite strong across the network, although possibly weighted towards the higher-frequency domains. In comparison, the ring width chronologies display much greater site- and species-specific components in their climate response, with only elevation found to serve as an indicator for the level of seasonal temperature response. Climatic gradients across the network are shown to exist through spatial correlation and rotated Principal Component Analysis (PCA). These gradients are rather small, but show similar patterns to those observed in PCA of instrumental data. High correlations between temperature and Latix decidua are found despite concern over the presence of effects from the larch budmoth on the climatic signal. Similarly, the ring width parameter of Pinus cembra showed strong ability to serve as a proxy, notable in the context of this species to have poorer responses to temperature when considering maximum latewood density. The potential for a regional climatic reconstruction, using the networks PCs as predictors exists, as demonstrated by the high and consistent loadings across the network on the first PCs for both the ring width and density chronologies. .
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This is a AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSONAFB OH report procured by the Pentagon and made available for public release It has been reproduced in the best form available to the Pentagon. It is not spiral-bound, but rather assembled with Velobinding in a soft, white linen cover. The Storming Media report number is A541593. The abstract provided by the Pentagon follows: The variability of maximum sustained wind versus minimum sea level pressure (MSLP) in tropical cyclones is investigated using North Atlantic (1959- 1999) and western North (NW) Pacific (1959-1999) best track data. A comparison is made of intensity estimates determined from aircraft reconnaissance, Dvorak (1975,1984) satellite analysis, and Global Positioning System (GPS) dropwindsonde data. A review and comparison is made of past research on the variable relationship between maximum sustained wind versus MSLP in tropical cyclones (TCs). It is shown that the current analysis techniques are not reliable for assessing the large variability of maximum sustained wind versus MSLP for many cyclones of atypical structure..
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This is a AIR FORCE INST OF TECH WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH report procured by the Pentagon and made available for public release It has been reproduced in the best form available to the Pentagon. It is not spiral-bound, but rather assembled with Velobinding in a soft, white linen cover. The Storming Media report number is A909913. The abstract provided by the Pentagon follows: The tropical 30-60 day oscillation (intraseasonal oscillation - IO) is a topic of contemporary interest and a unified theory as to how it is created, why it behaves so erratically, and what is the mode of propagation does not exist. Theories and observational studies have emphasized the role of tropical convection in the Western Pacific Ocean with less attention paid to the role of radiative cooling in the area of the downward branch of the Walker circulation. This research focuses on that area (the tropical Eastern Pacific Ocean) where it is hypothesized that radiative cooling interacts with IO- circulations. Analysis is made in terms of calculated radiative heating fields and Kelvin winds (used as a proxy for IO-circulations). Radiative heating is calculated for seventeen pressure levels (1000-100 mb) for a 6 1/2 year period (1985 to mid-1991) at a 5-day frequency based on NCEP/NCAR gridded data and ISCCP/Cl clouds. Concurrently, normal mode projections of NCEP/NCAR gridded data are made to isolate the Kelvin mode response in the wind and height field. These calculated radiative heating and Kelvin winds are then spectrally filtered to isolate frequencies associated with the IO. Finally, a diagnostic analysis is made based on composite comparisons, lagged correlations, and a selected case study between filtered-Kelvin-winds and filtered- radiative-cooling. The analysis reveal three primary conclusions. First, there is a significant relationship between IO-circulations and IO-scale radiative heating in the Eastern Pacific Ocean..
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