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Through 50 research-based recommendations and 100 teacher-tested instructional strategies any teacher can expand students intrinsic satisfaction in learning There is a hardcover edition also available. The focus is on using the 150 strategies and ideas to increase studentsÕ intrinsic motivation, rather than relying on the reward/punishment extrinsic strategies typically used. For each strategy the author clearly defines the purpose, procedure, grade level, and content area of each strategy, then discusses variations for each strategy and shows how the strategies can be readily incorporated into your existing curriculum. The strategies focus on enhancing autonomy, increasing competence in all students, increasing belonging, enhancing self-esteem, and stimulating involvement and enjoyment with learning. K-12 Teachers. A Longwood Professional Book..
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The role of Spain in the birth of the United States is a little known and little understood aspect of U.S. independence Through actual fighting, provision of supplies, and money, Spain helped the young British colonies succeed in becoming an independent nation. Soldiers were recruited from all over the Spanish empire, from Spain itself and from throughout Spanish America. Many died fighting British soldiers and their allies in Central America, the Caribbean, along the Mississippi River from New Orleans to St. Louis and as far north as Michigan, along the Gulf Coast to Mobile and Pensacola, as well as in Europe.

Based on primary research in the archives of Spain, this book is about United States history at its very inception, placing the war in its broadest international context. In short, the information in this book should provide a clearer understanding of the independence of the United States, correct a longstanding omission in its history, and enrich its patrimony. It will appeal to anyone interested in the history of the Revolutionary War and in SpainÂ’s role in the development of the Americas..
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Over the past 30 years, many social psychologists have been critical of the practice of using incentive systems in business, education, and other applied settings. The concern is that money, high grades, prizes, and even praise may be effective in getting people to perform an activity but performance and interest are maintained only so long as the reward keeps coming. Once the reward is withdrawn, the concern is that individuals will enjoy the activity less, perform at a lower level, and spend less time on the task. The claim is that rewards destroy people's intrinsic motivation. Widely accepted, this view has been enormously influential and has led many employers, teachers, and other practitioners to question the use of rewards and incentive systems in applied settings. Contrary to this view, the research by Cameron and Pierce indicates that rewards can be used effectively to enhance interest and performance. The book centers around the debate on rewards and intrinsic motivation. Based on historical, narrative, and meta-analytic reviews, Cameron and Pierce show that, contrary to many claims, rewards do not have pervasive negative effects. Instead, the authors show that careful arrangement of rewards enhances motivation, performance, and interest. The overall goal of the book is to draw together over 30 years of research on rewards, motivation, and performance and to provide practitioners with techniques for designing effective incentive systems..
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The book treats differential forms and uses them to study some local and global aspects of the differential geometry of surfaces Differential forms are introduced in a simple way that will make them attractive to "users" of mathematics. A brief and elementary introduction to differentiable manifolds is given so that the main theorem, namely the Stokes' theorem, can be presented in its natural setting. The applications consist in developing the method of moving frames of E. Cartan to study the local differential geometry of immersed surfaces in R3 as well as the intrinsic geometry of surfaces. Everything is then put together in the last chapter to present Chern's proof of the Gauss-Bonnet theorem for compact surfaces..
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Volume 4 is a complete guide to programming with the X Toolkit Intrinsics, the library of C language routines that facilitates the design of user interfaces with reusable components called widgets. It provides concepts and examples that show how to use the various X Toolkit routines. The first few chapters are devoted to using widgets; the remainder of the book covers the more complex task of writing new widgets. Uses the Motif 1.2 widget set in examples and covers X11 Release 5. Volume 4 includes:

• Introduction to the X Window System.
• Building applications with widgets.
• Constructing a bitmap editor with widgets.
• An overview of each widget in the widget set.
• Basic widget methods./li>
• Events, translations, and accelerators.
• Event handlers, timeouts, and work procedures.
• Resource management and type conversion.
• Selections and window manager interaction.
• Geometry management.
• Menus, gadgets, and cascaded pop-ups.
• Miscellaneous techniques.
• Comparison of Athena, OSF/Motif, and AT&T OPEN LOOK widgets.

This book is designed to be used with Volume 5, X Toolkit Intrinsics Reference Manual, which provides reference pages for each of the Xt functions, the widget classes defined by Xt, and the Athena widget set..
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The world of exercise and sport is fascinated by motivation and the factors that drive it. It's no wonder researchers--both in and out of the sport domain--will enthusiastically welcome Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Exercise and Sport.

Motivation is central to many social psychological theories that aim to explain behavior, including self-determination theory, one of the most influential theories of human motivation developed in the last three decades. Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Exercise and Sport examines the contribution of this theory to the understanding of motivation and behavior in the domains of exercise and sport. This is the first book to synthesize key research of self-determination theory as it relates to sport and exercise into one convenient volume. Written by a broad range of leading researchers, this reference will be a trend setter in the understanding of internal motivation and how to maximize performance and adherence. Furthermore, this volume will fill in research gaps, improve existing research, and set new directions for research in this vibrant area.

Self-determination theory is based on the premise that individuals pursue self-determined goals to satisfy their basic psychological needs to independently solve problems, interact socially, and master tasks. The book begins with an introductory chapter in which the founding fathers of self-determination theory, Edward L. Deci and Richard Ryan, provide an overview of the theory and its constituent subtheories and chart its history with respect to exercise and sport, highlighting classic studies and seminal works along the way. This introduction masterfully provides sufficient theoretical grounding and serves as an excellent prologue to subsequent chapters.

The remainder of the book is organized in two parts that cover research in the domains of exercise and sport. Part I examines the contribution of self-determination theory to the explanation of participation in and adherence to health-related exercise, and it examines the motivational experiences and contingencies that bring about exercise behavior and health-related outcomes. The recommendation sections that follow each chapter provide specialists interested in promoting exercise--including personal trainers, clinicians, health psychologists, and physical educators--with key strategies to motivate people to regularly participate in exercise for health.

Part II discusses the role that self-determination theory plays in explaining motivational processes involved in competitive sport contexts and summarizes the state of the literature concerning self-determination theory in diverse areas of sport, including athletes' motivation and sport performance, goal content and orientations, dropout, psychological well-being, and coaching behaviors. The recommendations outlined at the close of each chapter provide coaches, sport psychologists, sport promoters and managers, and physical educators with realistic, practical solutions to maximize sport performance, persistence in training, and, above all, enjoyment and well-being among athletes.

Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Exercise and Sport also integrates self-determination theory concepts with other theoretical frameworks to highlight the versatility of the theory and encourage future research. Each chapter in the text closes with clearly explained, in-depth suggestions for future research and for transferring findings into practice.

Whether you're a researcher in sport and exercise or in any other area where performance and adherence issues are key, Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Exercise and Sport will leave you inspired by the editors' and contributors' research and philosophy, brought together here to advance the knowledge of motivation in exercise and sport..
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