Books about Lumping from Amazon.com

This digital document is a journal article from Atmospheric Environment, published by Elsevier in 2005. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
RACM and the three new mechanisms described in the companion paper (the extended, reduced and small mechanisms) are implemented in a mesoscale 3D transport-chemistry model (TAPOM for Transport and Air POllution Model) in order to find an optimum between calculation speed and mechanism detail. The 3D tests are performed in the domains of Milan, Mexico City and Bogota. The three domains present different chemical and meteorological conditions, which are used to test the behaviour of the four mechanisms in different situations. Three emission scenarios are simulated: the whole emission inventory, 35% NO"x reduction and 35% VOC reduction. The comparison of the four mechanisms is performed for O"3, NO"x , aldehydes and peroxy radicals. Only the small mechanism presents significant differences in ozone concentrations. RO"2 and aldehyde differences are important with the reduced and the small mechanism, which share a new RO"2 parameterisation. Compared to RACM, the small mechanism shows very large differences for aldehydes and RO"2. The extended mechanism and RACM show almost the same ozone response to emissions reduction strategies, and the reduced mechanism presents differences in the range of 10% with respect to the extended mechanisms. The small mechanism is found to be the most VOC sensitive and therefore presents very different results from the other when emissions are modified. The results indicate a strong restriction to the use of the small mechanism in 3D models. Finally, the calculation time required for the calculation of a simulation with the four mechanisms is compared. .
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This volume is devoted to theoretical results which formalize the concept of state lumping: the transformation of evolutions of systems having a complex (large) phase space to those having a simpler (small) phase space. The theory of phase lumping has aspects in common with averaging methods, projection formalism, stiff systems of differential equations, and other asymptotic theorems. Numerous examples are presented in this book from the theory and applications of random processes, and statistical and quantum mechanics which illustrate the potential capabilities of the theory developed.
The volume contains seven chapters. Chapter 1 presents an exposition of the basic notions of the theory of linear operators. Chapter 2 discusses aspects of the theory of semigroups of operators and Markov processes which have relevance to what follows. In Chapters 3--5, invertibly reducible operators perturbed on the spectrum are investigated, and the theory of singularly perturbed semigroups of operators is developed assuming that the perturbation is subordinated to the perturbed operator. The case of arbitrary perturbation is also considered, and the results are presented in the form of limit theorems and asymptotic expansions. Chapters 6 and 7 describe various applications of the method of phase lumping to Markov and semi-Markov processes, dynamical systems, quantum mechanics, etc. The applications discussed are by no means exhaustive and this book points the way to many more fruitful applications in various other areas.
For researchers whose work involves functional analysis, semigroup theory, Markov processes and probability theory.
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This digital document is an article from Food Processing, published by Putman Media, Inc. on June 1, 1992. The length of the article is 838 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

From the supplier: Most gums used in food processing tend to be lumpy and have long hydration times, but TIC Gums Inc's pre-hydrated gums do not have these problems. Gums are used in food processing to improve body, enhance texture and thicken food products. Pre-hydrated gums also improve air quality by reducing dusting, provide safer working conditions and facilitate cleanup. The pre-hydration process involves adding water to gums under controlled agitation.

Citation Details
Title: Pre-hydrated gums eliminate lumping, long hydration times. (includes related article on hydration) (Foods of Tomorrow)
Author: Dean D. Duxbury
Publication:Food Processing (Magazine/Journal)
Date: June 1, 1992
Publisher: Putman Media, Inc.
Volume: v53 Issue: n6 Page: p44(2)

Distributed by Thomson Gale.
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This digital document is a journal article from Atmospheric Environment, published by Elsevier in 2005. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
An improved lumping model is described for converting multiple semivolatile organic aerosol components into one or more lumped groups that can represent the organic aerosol mixture in atmospheric models. Lumping equations to calculate temperature- and composition-dependent absorption partitioning parameters are presented, together with lumping criteria for dividing components into groups based on component vapor pressure, chemical structure, and activity coefficient in water. Lumping performance of the model is evaluated using a base case mixture of organic aerosol components, random mixtures selected from a set of identified semivolatile organic compounds, and products from the @a-pinene/ozone reaction. Modeling results show that aerosol composition has a strong influence on SOA partitioning and lumping accuracy. Comparisons of different lumping criteria suggest that lumping components by a combination of vapor pressure and water interactions or by vapor pressure alone will produce optimum results. .
Price: $10.95 [Notify me when price goes down.]