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The management of reindeer herds in northernmost Europe has been dramatically altered by changes in the environment, largely the result of human activities. This volume investigates the conditions upon which human-reindeer relations have been based, as well as those necessary for future reindeer management. It consists of three parts:

I: Herders and Reindeer: The Cultural and Socioeconomic Dynamics of Human-Animal Relations

II: Reindeer Herding - Effects on Soils, Soil Biota, and Vegetation

III: Integrative Models for Reindeer Management: The Interface Between Social and Natural Sciences

The results of process-oriented field and laboratory studies by scientists are efficaciously supported by those from research involving herders and their experience-based knowledge. In Northern Fennoscandia and Northwest Russia the issue is not just the conservation of the natural environment of reindeer, but also the survival of the Sámi, the northern indigenous people who herd them.

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This digital document is an article from Hemisphere, published by Latin American and Caribbean Center on September 22, 1998. The length of the article is 2202 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Canada's southern exposure: Latina America's northernmost neighbor takes an interest in hemispheric affairs. (breve análisis sobre las relaciones comerciales entre América Latina y el Canadá)(TA: brief analysis about the trade relations between Latin America and Canada)
Author: Peter McKenna
Publication:Hemisphere (Magazine/Journal)
Date: September 22, 1998
Publisher: Latin American and Caribbean Center
Volume: v8 Issue: n3 Page: p26(4)

Distributed by Thomson Gale.
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This digital document is a journal article from Dendrochronologia, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
In late summer 2004 stem discs were collected from about 40 juniper trees (Juniperus Siberica Burgsd) growing at the remote central part of Kola Peninsula behind the polar circle at the northern timberline. Up to now these juniper trees are oldest ones found at Kola Peninsula. Data processing was difficult due to extremely small tree rings as well as the occurrence of missing and false rings. However, finally it was possible to build up a 676-year long chronology and retrieve information on the past climatic variations at Kola Peninsula that could partly be linked to extraterrestrial factors such as changes in solar activity and galactic cosmic ray activity. It was obtained that:(1)There is a rather good agreement between long-term climatic variation in Europe and at Kola Peninsula. (2)The minima of solar activity Sporer (1416-1534 AD), Maunder (1645-1715 AD) and Dalton (1801-1816 AD) were accompanied by temperature decreases. Cooling during the end of the Wolf minimum (until 1350) is reflected in the juniper tree-ring series from Kola Peninsula whereas it is not reflected in the European temperature reconstructions. (3)Some recent decreases in solar activity around 1900 and 1960 are linked to phases of reduced growth in juniper. (4)The juniper chronologies from Kola Peninsula do not indicate a temperature rise at the end of the XX century. (5)MTM spectral and wavelet analysis of juniper tree-ring records showed:(a)more pronounced 22- and 80-100-year periodicities; (b)the main cycle of solar activity, the 11-year Schwabe cycle, was not present; (c)20-22-year periodicity was not significant throughout the entire ca.700-year period, but during certain time intervals: 1328-1550, 1710-1800, 1985 to present. .
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