Books about Supercritical from Amazon.com

Environmental and political concerns are generating a growing interest in alternative engine fuels such as biodiesel Biodiesel is a renewable energy source produced from natural oils and fats, which can be used as a substitute for petroleum diesel without the need for diesel engine modification. In addition to being biodegradable and non-toxic, biodiesel is also essentially free of sulfur and aromatics, producing lower exhaust emissions than conventional gasoline whilst providing similar properties in terms of fuel efficiency.

The greatest drawback of using pure vegetable oils as fuels are their high viscosity, although this can be reduced by techniques such as dilution, micro-emulsification, pyrolysis or transesterification. Of these processes, the transesterification of vegetable oil triglycerides in supercritical methanol has been shown to be particularly promising, producing high yields of low-viscosity methyl esters without the need of a catalyst. Furthermore, these methyl esters have a considerably lower flash point than that of pure vegetable oils.

Biodiesel: A Realistic Fuel Alternative for Diesel Engines describes the production and characterisation of biodiesel, along with current experimental research work in the field. The book will be of great interest to advanced undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers in renewable energy, as well as to fuel engineers.

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Price: $81.78 [Notify me when price goes down.]

Supercritical fluid extraction is an environmentally safe and cost-effective alternative to traditional organic solvents Carbon dioxide is widely used as the solvent of choice for applications such as caffeine and nicotine extraction due to its mild critical temperature, nontoxicity, nonflammability, and low cost. Introducing the most complete collection of supercritical CO₂ solubility data currently available, Solubility in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide features experimental data on more than 780 solutes in consistent units and an easily accessible format.

This book reflects the authors’ painstaking efforts to compile solubility data for an extensive variety of compounds including liquids, solids, polymers, foods, drugs, nutraceuticals, pesticides, dyes, and metal complexes. Each of the more than 1200 tables is arranged in alphabetical order by compound, includes a graphical plot of its data, and features the following information:

• Compound name, molecular formula, and molecular weight
• Temperature and pressure given in Kelvin and bar, respectively
• Name and amount of cosolvent, if applicable
• Molar or mass solubility, when applicable
• Mole- or mass-fraction solubility
• Synonyms for the compound, where available
• Reference source for the data

Density data for CO₂ appears in one appendix, while a complete list of solutes by molecular formula appears in the other. Clear, consistent, and carefully organized, Solubility in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide is the most convenient quick-lookup guide for reliable data..
Price: $167.35 [Notify me when price goes down.]

This book explains the basic principles underlying the use of supercritical fluids. It presents the relevant physical chemistry and the unusual behavior obtained in the medium. Although topics are discussed completely, the detail is kept to a minimum and the focus throughout remains on basic principles, supplemented by experimental examples. Some of the topics, including principles of supercritical fluid fractionation, are not covered elsewhere in the literature. The book begins with basic topics: phase behavior, dynamic properties, transport properties, and the effects of intermolecular forces, structures and fluctuations. The second half then develops principles widely used in the field, particularly separation methods and chemical reactions..
Price: $193.13 [Notify me when price goes down.]

Carbon Dioxide Recovery and Utilization is a complete and informative resource on the carbon dioxide sources and market at the European Union level, with reference to the world situation. The book covers the following themes:

- Sources of carbon dioxide and their purity,
- Market of carbon dioxide and its uses,
- Separation techniques of carbon dioxide from flue gases,
- Analysis of the potential of each technique and application,
- Basic science and technology of supercritical CO₂,
- Reactions in supercritical CO₂ and its use as reactive solvent,
- Utilization of CO₂ in the synthesis of chemicals with low energy input,
- Conversion of CO₂ into fuels: existing techniques,
- Dry reforming of methane,
- Assessment of the use of carbon dioxide for the synthesis of methanol.

This book is unique in providing integrated information and a perspective on innovative technologies for the use of carbon dioxide.
The book is suitable for use as a textbook for courses in chemical engineering and chemistry. It is also of great interest as a general reference for those involved with technologies for avoiding carbon dioxide production and for economists.
This is an invaluable reference for specialists on synthetic chemistry, gas separation, supercritical fluids, carbon dioxide marketing, renewable energy and sustainable development. In addition, it will be useful for those working in the chemical industry and for policy makers for carbon dioxide mitigation, innovative technologies, carbon recycling, and power generation..
Price: $118.55 [Notify me when price goes down.]

The editor has brought together in a compact and readable form the new methods of analytical chemistry using supercritical fluids. The volume provides comprehensive treatment of supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE); it discusses both theory and practice. The contributions are written by leading experts in their fields with exhaustive practical experience in SFC and SFE. Special attention is given to the description of applications and thus provides the experienced analyst with invaluable information widely scattered in the literature and helps the novice to adopt these new techniques quickly in his laboratory. An addendum includes brand new literature on SFC and SFE..
Price: $96.00 [Notify me when price goes down.]

An exploration of fundamental as well as practical aspects of supercritical fluid chromatography and extraction It addresses topics such as: packed columns in SFC; detection in SFC; supercritical fluid chromatography/mass spectroscopy; and evaporative light scattering detection in SFC..
Price: $161.24 [Notify me when price goes down.]

Enhanced concern for the quality and safety of food products, increased preference for natural products, and stricter regulations on the residual level of solvents, all contribute to the growing use of supercritical fluid technology as a primary alternative for the extraction, fractionation, and isolation of active ingredients.  As a solvent-free process, supercritical fluid technology is a popular answer for the functional foods and nutraceutical sector, one of the fastest growing consumer driven markets. Recent advancements in the technology and increased utilization of the process demand a comprehensive, single-source review of current and future trends in supercritical fluid technology.

Compiling contributions from international experts in the field, Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds presents the state-of-the-science in the extraction and fractionation of bioactive ingredients by supercritical fluids. Focusing on implemented industrial processes and trends, it reviews the fundamentals of the technology and examines the economics of supercritical fluid extraction systems and processes. Over the course of twelve chapters, the book presents the supercritical fluid extraction processes in edible oils, including fish oils and specialty oils; herbs, such as Latin American plants and those used in Traditional Chinese Medicine; algae; spices; antioxidants and essential oils; as well as the processing of micro and nano-scale materials by supercritical fluid technology.

Each chapter covers the major active components in the target material, including chemical, physical, nutritional, and pharmaceutical properties; an analysis of the specific supercritical fluid process used; a comparison of traditional processing methods versus supercritical fluid technology; and a set of conclusions with supporting data and insight..
Price: $100.76 [Notify me when price goes down.]